Economic Performance and its Relationship with Democratic Stability: Evidences from Pakistan

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between economic performance and democratic stability in Pakistan. It seeks to assess whether economic growth alone can ensure democratic consolidation or if institutional factors play a mediating role. Pakistan’s democratic experience has remained fragile due to recurring economic crises and political instability. High unemployment, income inequality, and weak governance have eroded public trust. Electoral transitions and regional disparities, particularly in Baluchistan and former FATA, further highlight democratic vulnerabilities. These challenges make it necessary to analyze the economic foundations of democratic stability. The study adopts a qualitative research approach based on secondary sources, including academic literature, economic reports, and election data. A descriptive analytical method is applied. The findings indicate that economic growth encourages democratic participation and institutional trust. However, economic downturns intensify socio-political discontent and instability. Democratic stability depends heavily on institutional quality, civil–military balance, and media freedom. The study recommends integrated policies focusing on inclusive growth, strong institutions, media autonomy, and active civic engagement to ensure democratic consolidation in Pakistan.